If patient is being monitored for hepatitis B immune globulin (HBIG) therapy after organ transplantation, order HBABT / Hepatitis B Surface Antibody Monitor, Post-Transplant, Serum. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: Testing and public health management of persons with chronic hepatitis B virus infection. WHO Guidelines Development Group: WHO guidelines on hepatitis B and C testing. Coffin CS, Zhou K, Terrault NA: New and old biomarkers for diagnosis and management of chronic hepatitis B virus infection. Jackson K, Locarnini S, Gish R: Diagnostics of hepatitis B virus: Standard of care and investigational. Preventive Services Task Force recommendation statement. Preventive Services Task Force: Screening for hepatitis B virus infection in nonpregnant adolescents and adults: U.S. Servoss JC, Friedman LS: Serologic and molecular diagnosis of hepatitis B virus. Badur S, Akgun A: Diagnosis of hepatitis B infections and monitoring of treatment. Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: Immunization of health-care personnel: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP). Repeat testing is recommended in 1 to 3 months.įor more information see Hepatitis B: Testing Algorithm for Screening, Diagnosis, and Management.ġ. Indeterminate results, defined as anti-HBs levels in the range from 5 to 11.9 mIU/mL, indicate inability to determine if anti-HBs is present at levels consistent with recovery or immunity. Qual vs quant series#The US Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices does not recommend more than 2 HBV vaccine series in nonresponders. Negative results, defined as anti-HBs levels of less than 5.0 mIU/mL, indicate a lack of recovery from acute or chronic hepatitis B or inadequate immune response to HBV vaccination. However, per current Centers for Disease Control and Prevention guidance,(1) individuals with anti-HBs levels greater than 10 mIU/mL after completing an HBV vaccination series are considered protected from hepatitis B. Per assay manufacturer's instructions for use, positive results, defined as anti-HBs levels of 12.0 mIU/mL or greater, indicate adequate immunity to HBV from past hepatitis B viral infection or HBV vaccination. A positive total antihepatitis B core (anti-HBc) result would indicate that the hepatitis B surface antibody (anti-HBs) response is due to past HBV infection. This assay does not differentiate between a vaccine-induced immune response and an immune response induced by infection with HBV. Anti-HBs also appears as the immune response following hepatitis B vaccination.Ī positive result indicates recovery from acute or chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection or acquired immunity from HBV vaccination. In acute cases, HBsAg usually disappears 1 to 2 months after the onset of symptoms with the appearance of hepatitis B surface antibody (anti-HBs). Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) is the first serologic marker, appearing in the serum 6 to 16 weeks following HBV infection. Some of these chronic carriers are asymptomatic, while others progress to chronic liver disease, including cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. After acute infection, HBV infection becomes chronic in 30% to 90% of infected children younger than 5 years of age and in 5% to 10% of infected individuals 5 years of age or older. Common symptoms include malaise, fever, gastroenteritis, and jaundice (icterus). The incubation period for HBV infection averages 60 to 90 days (range of 45-180 days). HBV can be transmitted from mother to child during delivery through contact with blood and vaginal secretions, but it is not commonly transmitted via the transplacental route. The virus is found in virtually every type of human body fluid and has been known to be spread through oral and genital contact. The infection is spread primarily through blood transfusion or percutaneous contact with infected blood products, such as sharing of needles among injection drug users. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, also known as serum hepatitis, is endemic throughout the world.
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